The terms river morphology and its synonym stream morphology are used to describe the shapes of riverchannels and how they change in shape and direction over time. The morphology of a river channel is a function of a number of processes and environmental conditions, including the composition and erodibility of the bed and banks (e.g., sand, clay, bedrock); erosion comes from the power and consistency of the current, and can effect the formation of the river's path. Also, vegetation and the rate of plant growth; the availability of sediment; the size and composition of the sediment moving through the channel; the rate of sediment transport through the channel and the rate of deposition on the floodplain, banks, bars, and bed; and regional aggradation or degradation due to subsidence or uplift. River morphology can also be effected by human interaction, which is a way the river responds to a new factor in how the river can change its course. An example of human induced change in river morphology is dam construction, which alters the ebb flow of fluvial water and sediment, therefore creating or shrinking estuarine channels.[1] A river regime is a dynamic equilibrium system, which is a way of classifying rivers into different categories. The four categories of river regimes are Sinuous canali- form rivers, Sinuous point bar rivers, Sinuous braided rivers, and Non-sinuous braided rivers.
The Rosgen Stream Classification is a system for natural rivers in which morphological arrangements of stream characteristics are organized into relatively homogeneous stream types. This is a widely-used method for classifying streams and rivers based on common patterns of channel morphology. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Applied River Morphology by Dave Rosgen (1996, Hardcover) at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products! Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Applied River Morphology by Dave Rosgen (1996, Hardcover) at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products! Foreword by Luna B. Leopold “This book is a generous and detailed explanation of the classification system and how it might be used to incorporate the observed processes of river mechanics into restoration designs that enhance the beauty and health of channels.” - Luna B. Second Edition. 378 pages, 770 color images. Applied River Morphology, written in 1996, is a guide for the.
Applied river morphology by David L. Rosgen, 1996, Wildland Hydrology edition, in English.
Applied River Morphology is not the only river morphology book you will need, but it is the only one you will refer to again and again, on every project. This book is even enjoyable to read through and look at the photos and sketches during non-work time.
The study of river morphology is accomplished in the field of fluvialgeomorphology, the scientific term.
See also[edit]
Bedload, Suspended load
Sediment, sedimentation, erosion
River, Stream, Canal
Water, Water resource
References[edit]
^Bo-yuan Zhu,Yi-tian Li,Yao Yue,Yun-ping Yang. Aggravation of north channels' shrinkage and south channels' development in the Yangtze Estuary under dam-induced runoff discharge flattening. Journal Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 5 March 2017
Rosgen, Dave (1996). Applied River Morphology. 2nd ed. (Fort Collins, CO: Wildland Hydrology, publ.) ISBN978-0-9653289-0-6.
Brice J C. Planform properties of meandering rivers [C].River Meandering, Proceedings of the October 24–26, 1983 Rivers '83 Conference, ASCE. New Orleans, Louisi- ana, 1983. 1-15.
External links[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=River_morphology&oldid=914801656'
The Rosgen Stream Classification is a system for natural rivers in which morphological arrangements of stream characteristics are organized into relatively homogeneous stream types.[1] This is a widely-used method for classifying streams and rivers based on common patterns of channel morphology.[2] The specific objectives of this stream classification system are as follows: 1) predict a rivers behavior from its appearance; 2) develop specific hydrologic and sediment relationships for a given stream type and its state; 3) provide mechanisms to extrapolate site-specific data to stream reaches having similar characteristics; and 4) provide a consistent frame of reference for communicating stream morphology and condition among a variety of disciplines and interested parties.[1] These objectives are met through Rosgen's four hierarchical levels (I-IV) of river morphology.
Applied River Morphology Rosgen 1996 5
1Hierarchy of the Rosgen Stream Classification
1.1Level I: Geomorphic Characterization
Hierarchy of the Rosgen Stream Classification[edit]
Level I: Geomorphic Characterization[edit]
Level I categorize stream types into letters A - G based on their geomorphic characteristics that result from the integration of basin relief, land form, and valley morphology.[3] This is a general way in which the morphology of a stream can be described. Many of the Level I criteria can be determined through topographic and landform maps, aerial imagery, and geospatial data.[3]
Dave Rosgen Wildland Hydrology
Level II: Morphological Description[edit]
Applied River Morphology Rosgen 1996 3
Level II characterizes stream type by using numbers 1 - 6, in addition to letters A - G, to include the assessments of the channel cross-section, longitudinal profile, and plan-form pattern.[1] Cross-section measurements include a streams entrenchment ratio, width/depth ratio, and dominant substrate. The longitudinal and plan-form measurements consist of slope, stream bed features, sinuosity, and meander width ratio. Level II is a quantitative morphological assessment of the stream reach which provides greater detail from data collected in the field for the implementation into land management decisions.[3]
Level III: Assessment of Stream Condition and Departure from its Potential[edit]
Level III describes the existing condition of a stream as it relates to its stability, response potential, and function.[3] This level includes additional measurements such as, sediment supply, channel stability, and flow regime which further describe the condition or “state” of the stream.[3]
Root Wads For Stream Restoration
Level IV: Field Data Verification[edit]
Level IV verifies the process relationships inferred from the previous three levels of classification.[3] The objective of this level is to determine empirical relationships for use in prediction (e.g. to develop Manning’s n values from measured velocity)[3]
Applications[edit]
The Rosgen Stream Classification is probably best applied as a communication tool to describe channel form.[4] Other uses for the Rosgen Stream Classification include fish habitat indices, surveys of riparian communities, stream restoration and mitigation, engineering, evaluating livestock grazing related to stream type, and the utilization of sediment and hydraulic data by stream type.
Limitations[edit]
Problems with the use of the Rosgen Stream Classification are encountered with identifying bankfull dimensions, particularly in incising channels and with the mixing of bed and bank sediment into a single population.[4] Its use for engineering design and restoration may be flawed by ignoring some processes governed by force and resistance, and the imbalance between sediment supply and transporting power in unstable systems[4]
Limitations for Level II classification involve time dependence, uncertain applicability across physical environments, difficulty in identification of a true equilibrium condition, and uncertain process significance of classification criteria.[5] Implications of using the Rosgen Stream Classification, include: (1) acceptance of the limitations, (2) acceptance of the risk of classifying streams incorrectly, and (3) classification results may be used inappropriately[5]
Applied River Morphology Rosgen 1996 2
References[edit]
Rosgen Stream Type F
Applied River Morphology Rosgen 1996 2
^ abcRosgen, David L. 1994. “A Classification of Natural Rivers.” CATENA 22 (3): 169–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/0341-8162(94)90001-9.
^EPA, 2018. “Fundamentals of Rosgen Stream Classification System | Watershed Academy Web | US EPA.” n.d. Accessed May 6, 2018. https://cfpub.epa.gov/watertrain/moduleFrame.cfm?parent_object_id=1189.
^ abcdefgRosgen, David L. and H.L. Silvey 1996. “Applied River Morphology” Second Edition. Wildland Hydrology. Pagosa Springs, CO.
^ abcSimon A., Doyle M., Kondolf M., Shields F.D., Rhoads B., and McPhillips M. 2007. “Critical Evaluation of How the Rosgen Classification and Associated ‘Natural Channel Design’ Methods Fail to Integrate and Quantify Fluvial Processes and Channel Response1.” JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 43 (5): 1117–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00091.x.
^ abJuracek Kyle E., and Fitzpatrick Faith A. 2007. “Limitations and Implications of Stream Classification.” JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39 (3): 659–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb03683.x.
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